World languages ​​with Arabic letter

During its long journey, Arabic calligraphy was able to spread to many parts of the world. It shone in the Arabian Peninsula, its flowers flourished in the Levant, and its fragrances filled Iraq, Persia, Sindh, and Khorasan. It was able to penetrate Armenia, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, Africa, the Maghreb, Sudan, Andalusia, southern France, and Sicily, spreading like an army of scholars calling for the spread of civilization, leaving its clear effects on all aspects of life and people.

In its long journey, the Arabic script was able to replace many scripts that existed in a number of countries, and to dominate them, either by changing them or by completely eliminating them, just as the Arabic language prevailed over previous local languages. From one region to another, the same form of the Arabic script took different forms, without these new forms being separated from the original basic form. For example, we find that the Andalusian Kufic script differs slightly from the Kairouan Kufic script, and these two scripts also differ from the Kufic script itself that spread in Damascus, Baghdad, and the Caucacian region.

Countries whose languages ​​are written in Arabic script include Malaysia, Java, Madagascar, Iran, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and the Urdu-speaking provinces of Kashmir and Jammu, where Arabic was to be the official language at independence. Turkiye continued to use the Arabic alphabet until Mustafa Kemal, who forced the Turks to use the Latin alphabet, although the Latin alphabet did not meet the phonetic requirements, and this forced them to modify it with more dots and unnecessary letters.

Russia used the Arabic alphabet for a long time, then switched to Latin and then to Slavic. Spain and Hebrew used the Arabic alphabet and benefited greatly from it, especially in Andalusia.

We also find the Arabic language widespread in the outskirts of Senegal and regions of Somalia, Nigeria, Kenya, Liberia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Zanzibar, Kazan, Crimea, Dagestan, Turkestan, Kyrgyzstan, Khwarazm, the Caucasus, Djibouti, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Malta, Siam, the Philippines, and China.